Selección de genotipos de papa (Solanum tuberosum L.) adaptados a las condiciones agroecológicas del Estado Mérida, Venezuela

Abstract

The potato is considered one of the main agricultural crops in the world in terms of area. In Venezuela, it occupies the eighth place in production and first place of the roots and tubers. For fresh consumption the cultivar Granola, of German origin, susceptible to late blight (Phytophthora infestans) predominates. In this context, the objective of this research was to select genotypes adapted to the agroecological conditions of the State of Mérida. The emergence of the genotypes was above 80% in all the localities considered. The AUDPC values ​​varied from 0 to 7865 in the susceptible control. Seven clones and five cultivars did not present the disease, while the highest values ​​of AUDPC were for the cultivars Granola, Diacol Capiro, Andinita and Montañita, for which these materials showed low resistance to late blight. The highest average yield was registered in clone 301002.6 (49.63 t.ha^-1), while the lowest was obtained in Única Peruana (4.14 t.ha^-1). 85% of the materials outperformed the witness in performance. According to Duncan's multiple test, 23 groups were formed, observing that statistically there are highly significant differences between the genotypes evaluated (p<0.001). The dry matter (% solids) was above 14%, however, they exceeded 15% of total defects, so only the clones 382121.25, 382151.22 and the cultivars María Bonita, Iniafrit, Fripapa and Diacol Capiro were suitable for the industry.